Hello Guys,
In previous tutorial you learned about python , python feature , Installation , python IDE , python basics. In python basic you learned about modules , pip , Comments.
In this tutorial you will learn below points:
- Variables
- Data Types
- Operators
- type() function
- Typecasting
- input() function
Let's get started.
Variables
A Variables is reserved memory location to store values. In other words, A variables is the name given to a memory location in a program.
Creating Variables:
Python has no command for declaring a variable. A variable is created the moment you first assign a value to it.
Rules for defining variables:
1. A Variable name can only start with an alphabet and underscore.
2. A Variable name can contain alphabets , digits and underscore.
3. A Variable name can't start with a digit.
4. No While Space is allowed to be used inside a variable name.
5. Also applies to other identifiers.
Data Types
Primarily there are following data types in python.
- Integer
- Float
- String
- Boolean
- None
Python is a superb language that automatically identifies the type of data for us.
Example:
a = "infopsh" # String
b = 34 # Integer
c = 45.3 # Float
d = True # Boolean
# Printing the variables
print(a)
print(b)
print(c)
print(d)
# Printing the type of variables
print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))
print(type(d))
Output:
infopsh
34
45.3
True
<class 'str'>
<class 'int'>
<class 'float'>
<class 'bool'>
Operators
Operators are used to perform operations on variables and values.
Python divides the operators in the below groups:
- Arithmetic Operators
- Assignment Operators
- Comparison Operators
- Logical Operators
Arithmetic Operators :
Example :
# Arithmetic operators
# --> Addition operator
sum = 23 + 23
print("Addition: " , sum)
# --> Subtraction operator
sub = 25 - 20
print("Subtraction: " , sub)
# --> Multiplication operator
# --> Here * symbol used for multiplication
multi = 5 * 20
print("Multiplication: ", multi)
# --> Division operator
div = 20 / 5
print("Division: ", div)
# --> Modulus operator
mod = 3 / 2
print("Module: ", mod)
# --> Exponentiation operator
# --> Here we used double * symbol for performing Exponentiation operator
# --> These operator is used to raise the first operand to power of second.
expo = 2 ** 3
print("Exponentiation: ", expo)
# --> Floor division operator
''' --> Here we used double // symbol for performing Floor division operator
These operator is used to find the floorof the quotient
when first operator is divided by the second
'''
fd = 3 // 2
print("Floor division " , fd)
Output :
Addition: 46
Subtraction: 5
Multiplication: 100
Division: 4.0
Module: 1.5
Exponentiation: 8
Floor division 1
Assignment Operators :
Example :
# Assignment operator
# --> Assign operator
''' --> This operator is used to assign the value of
the right side of the expression to
the left side operand.
'''
c = 25 + 25
print("Assign: " ,c)
# --> Add Assign operator
''' --> This operator is used to add the Right side operand with
the Left side operand and then assigning
the result to the Left operand.
'''
A = 10
B = 20
A += B
print("Add Assign: " , A)
# --> Subtract Assign operator
''' --> This operator is used to subtract the right operand from
the left operand and then assigning
the result to the left operand.
'''
a = 20
b = 10
a -= b
print("Subtract Assign: ", a)
# --> Multiply Assign operator
''' --> This operator is used to multiply the right operand with
the left operand and then assigning
the result to the left operand.
'''
n1 = 10
n2 = 20
n1 *= n2
print("Multiply Assign: " , n1)
# --> Divide Assign operator
''' --> This operator is used to divide the left operand with
the right operand and then assigning
the result to the left operand.
'''
no1 = 20
no2 = 10
no1 /= no2
print("Divide Assign: " , no1)
# --> Modulus Assign operator
''' --> This operator is used to take the modulus using the left and
the right operands and then assigning
the result to the left operand.
'''
a %= b
print("Modulus Assign: " ,a)
# --> Floor Assign operator
''' --> This operator is used to divide the left operand with
the right operand and then assigning
the result(floor) to the left operand.
'''
no1 //= no2
print("Floor Assign: " , no1)
# --> Exponent Assign operator
''' --> This operator is used to calculate
the exponent(raise power) value using operands and
then assigning the result to the left operand.
'''
A **= B
print("Exponent Assign: " , A)
# --> Bitwise AND Assign operator
''' --> This operator is used to perform Bitwise AND on both operands
and then assigning the result to the left operand.
'''
n1 &= n2
print("Bitwise AND Assign: " , n1)
# --> Bitwise OR Assign
''' --> This operator is used to perform Bitwise OR
on the operands and then assigning result to the left operand.
'''
n1 |= n2
print("Bitwise OR Assign: " , n1)
# --> Bitwise XOR Assign
''' --> This operator is used to perform Bitwise XOR on
the operands and then assigning result to the left operand.
'''
a ^= b
print("Bitwise XOR Assign: " , a)
# --> Bitwise Right Shift Assign
''' --> This operator is used to perform Bitwise right shift on
the operands and then assigning result to the left operand.
'''
A >>= B
print("Bitwise Right Shift Assign: " ,A)
# --> Bitwise Left Shift Assign
''' --> This operator is used to perform Bitwise left shift on
the operands and then assigning result to the left operand.
'''
x = 3
y = 5
x <<= y
print("Bitwise Left Shift Assign: " , x)
Output :
Assign: 50
Add Assign: 30
Subtract Assign: 10
Multiply Assign: 200
Divide Assign: 2.0
Modulus Assign: 0
Floor Assign: 0.0
Exponent Assign: 348678440100000000000000000000
Bitwise AND Assign: 0
Bitwise OR Assign: 20
Bitwise XOR Assign: 10
Bitwise Right Shift Assign: 332525673007965087890625
Bitwise Left Shift Assign: 96
Comparison Operators :
Example :
# Comparison Operator
# --> Comparison Operator also known as Relational Operator
# --> Greater than
''' --> This operator returns True if the left operand
is greater than the right operand.
'''
print("Greater than: ", 5 > 2)
# --> Less than
''' --> This operator returns True if the left operand
is less than the right operand.
'''
print("Less than: ", 5 < 2)
# --> Equal to
''' --> This operator returns True if both the operands
are equal i.e. if both the left and the right operand
are equal to each other.
'''
print("Equal to: " , 5 == 5)
# --> Not Equal to
# --> This operator returns True if both the operands are not equal.
print("Not Equal to: " , 5 != 3)
# --> Greater than or equal to
''' --> This operator returns True if
the left operand is greater than or equal to the right operand.
'''
print("Greater than or equal to: ", 5 >= 5)
# --> Less than or equal to
''' --> This operator returns True if the left
operand is less than or equal to the right operand.
'''
print("Less than or equal to: " , 9 <= 5)
Output :
Greater than: True
Less than: False
Equal to: True
Not Equal to: True
Greater than or equal to: True
Less than or equal to: False
Logical Operators :
Example :
# Logical Operators
# --> and operator
# --> Returns True if both statements are true
x = 5
print(x > 3 and x < 10)
# --> or operator
# --> Returns True if one of the statements is true
x = 5
print(x > 3 or x < 4)
# --> not operator
# --> Reverse the result, returns False if the result is true
x = 5
print(not(x > 3 and x < 10))
Output :
True
True
False
type() function :
type() function is used to find the data type of a given variables in python.
Example :
a = 12 # Integer data Type
b = True # Boolean Data Type
c = "PSH" # String Data Type
d = 123.3 # Floating Data Type
# Here type() function is used to return data types of specific values
print(type(a))
print(type(b))
print(type(c))
print(type(d))
Output :
<class 'int'>
<class 'bool'>
<class 'str'>
<class 'float'>
Typecasting :
Typecasting means one data type converted into another data type. Here are many functions to convert one data type to another data type.
Example :
a = "35"
a = int(a)
print(type(a))
Output :
<class 'int'>
input() function :
- This function allows the user to take input from the user as string.
- This function return output of input is always a String.
# input() function program
# Take Value from user
num1 = input("Enter number1: ")
num2 = input("Enter number2: ")
n1 = int(num1)
n2 = int(num2)
print("Sum: ", n1 + n2)
Output :
Enter number1: 10
Enter number2: 20
Sum: 30
Note : Here In this tutorial above code written in VS Code Editor.
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